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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/risiz

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

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Alternative reconstructions

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Etymology

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Unknown.[2] Possibly a zero-grade derivative of *rīsaną (to scale, rise).[1]

On the basis of Old Dutch wrisil (hero) and Old Saxon wrisilīk (gigantic), this form is sometimes reconstructed as *wrisi-, and then either from Proto-Indo-European *wreyh₁- (thus related to Ancient Greek ῥίον (rhíon, peak, summit),[3] and perhaps Tocharian A ri, Tocharian B rye (city, town), Thracian βρία (vría, city, wall)),[4] or from Proto-Indo-European *wers- (hill, top)[5] (perhaps whence Latin verrūca (wart; hillock), Sanskrit वर्स्मन् (vársman, height, top), Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (top)). However, this derivation is problematic as there is no sign of an initial cluster wr- in any of the descendants that otherwise preserve it (northern West Germanic and Old East Norse).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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*risiz m[1]

  1. a giant

Inflection

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i-stemDeclension of *risiz (i-stem)
singular plural
nominative *risiz *risīz
vocative *risi *risīz
accusative *risį *risinz
genitive *risīz *risjǫ̂
dative *risī *risimaz
instrumental *risī *risimiz

Synonyms

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Descendants

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *risi, *wrisi
    • Old Frisian: *rise
    • Old Saxon: *risi, *wrisi
      • Middle Low German: rêse
        • German Low German:
          Bentheimisch: Ries
          Westmünsterländisch: Riese
      • ? Old Saxon: wrisilīk (giant, adj)
      • ? Old Saxon: wrisilīko (gigantic, adverb)
    • Old Dutch: *risi
    • Old High German: risi
  • Old Norse: risi

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “reus”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
  2. 2.0 2.1 Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Riese¹”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 600
  3. 3.0 3.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wrisjōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  4. ^ Frisk, Hjalmar (1960) “ῥίον”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 658
  5. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “u̯er-s-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1151