Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rannijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *rinnaną +‎ *-janą.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrɑn.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rannijaną

to cause to run
to cause to flow

Inflection

Conjugation of *rannijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*rannijō	*rannijaų	—	*rannijai	?
2nd singular	*rannīsi	*rannijais	*rannī	*rannijasai	*rannijaisau
3rd singular	*rannīþi	*rannijai	*rannijaþau	*rannijaþai	*rannijaiþau
1st dual	*rannijōs	*rannijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rannijaþiz	*rannijaiþiz	*rannijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*rannijamaz	*rannijaim	—	*rannijanþai	*rannijainþau
2nd plural	*rannīþ	*rannijaiþ	*rannīþ	*rannijanþai	*rannijainþau
3rd plural	*rannijanþi	*rannijain	*rannijanþau	*rannijanþai	*rannijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rannidǭ	*rannidēdį̄
2nd singular	*rannidēz	*rannidēdīz
3rd singular	*rannidē	*rannidēdī
1st dual	*rannidēdū	*rannidēdīw
2nd dual	*rannidēdudiz	*rannidēdīdiz
1st plural	*rannidēdum	*rannidēdīm
2nd plural	*rannidēdud	*rannidēdīd
3rd plural	*rannidēdun	*rannidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*rannijandz	*rannidaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Many of these descendants have taken the present stem rin- from the strong verb it is derived from.

Proto-West Germanic: *rannijan
- Old English: *rennan, ærnan
  - Middle English: rennen
- Old Frisian: renna
- Old Saxon: rennian
  - Middle Low German: rennen
    - German Low German: rennen
- Old Dutch: *rennan
  - Middle Dutch: rennen
    - Dutch: rennen
      - Afrikaans: ren
- Old High German: rennan
  - Middle High German: rennen
    - German: rennen
- →⇒ Old French: randir
  - Middle French: randir, raindir
    - Picard: randir
    - Norman: randir
Old Norse: renna
- Icelandic: renna
- Faroese: renna
- Norwegian Nynorsk: renna, renne
- Old Swedish: rænna
  - Swedish: ränna
- Old Danish: rænnæ
  - Danish: rende
Gothic: *𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*rannjan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*rannjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 405

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*rannjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 405

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