Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/niþerōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Derived from *niþer (“lower”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈni.θɛ.rɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*niþerōną

1. to make lower
2. to humiliate

Inflection

Conjugation of *niþerōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*niþerō	*niþerǭ	—	*niþerōi	?
2nd singular	*niþerōsi	*niþerōs	*niþerō	*niþerōsai	*niþerōsau
3rd singular	*niþerōþi	*niþerō	*niþerōþau	*niþerōþai	*niþerōþau
1st dual	*niþerōs	*niþerōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*niþerōþiz	*niþerōþiz	*niþerōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*niþerōmaz	*niþerōm	—	*niþerōnþai	*niþerōnþau
2nd plural	*niþerōþ	*niþerōþ	*niþerōþ	*niþerōnþai	*niþerōnþau
3rd plural	*niþerōnþi	*niþerōn	*niþerōnþau	*niþerōnþai	*niþerōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*niþerōdǭ	*niþerōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*niþerōdēz	*niþerōdēdīz
3rd singular	*niþerōdē	*niþerōdēdī
1st dual	*niþerōdēdū	*niþerōdēdīw
2nd dual	*niþerōdēdudiz	*niþerōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*niþerōdēdum	*niþerōdēdīm
2nd plural	*niþerōdēdud	*niþerōdēdīd
3rd plural	*niþerōdēdun	*niþerōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*niþerōndz	*niþerōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *niþarōn
  • Old English: niþerian, neþerian, nyþerian
    • Middle English: netheren
      • English: nether, nither (dialectal)
  • Old Saxon: nitherōn
    • Middle Low German: nēderen, nedderen
  • Old Dutch: *nitheron
    • Middle Dutch: nēderen
      • Dutch: nederen (obsolete)
• Old Norse: niðra
  • Icelandic: niðra
  • ⇒ Swedish: förnedra