Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/neutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *newd- (“to seize; grasp; use”). Cognate with Lithuanian naudà (“utility, usefulness, note”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈneu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*neutaną

1. (with genitive) to use, to make use of
2. (with genitive) to enjoy (the use of)

Inflection

Conjugation of *neutaną (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*neutō	*neutaų	—	*neutai	?
2nd singular	*niutizi	*neutaiz	*neut	*neutazai	*neutaizau
3rd singular	*niutidi	*neutai	*neutadau	*neutadai	*neutaidau
1st dual	*neutōz	*neutaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*neutadiz	*neutaidiz	*neutadiz	—	—
1st plural	*neutamaz	*neutaim	—	*neutandai	*neutaindau
2nd plural	*niutid	*neutaid	*niutid	*neutandai	*neutaindau
3rd plural	*neutandi	*neutain	*neutandau	*neutandai	*neutaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*naut	*nutį̄
2nd singular	*naust	*nutīz
3rd singular	*naut	*nutī
1st dual	*nutū	*nutīw
2nd dual	*nutudiz	*nutīdiz
1st plural	*nutum	*nutīm
2nd plural	*nutud	*nutīd
3rd plural	*nutun	*nutīn
	present	past
participles	*neutandz	*nutanaz

Derived terms

• *ganeutaną
• *nautijaną
• *nautiz
• *nutiz
• *nutō
• *nautą

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *neutan
  • Old English: nēotan
    • Middle English: neoten (in derivatives)
  • Old Frisian: niāta, nieta
  • Old Saxon: niotan
    • Middle Low German: nēten
  • Old Dutch: nietan
    • Middle Dutch: nieten
      • Dutch: nieten (obsolete)
      • Limburgish: nete
  • Old High German: niozan, nioȥȥan, niaȥan
    • Middle High German: niezen
      • German: nießen
• Old Norse: njóta
  • Icelandic: njóta
  • Faroese: njóta
  • Old Swedish: niūta
    • Swedish: njuta
  • Old Danish: *niute
    • Danish: nyde
• Gothic: 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (niutan)