Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naglijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *naglaz (“nail”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɑɣ.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*naglijaną

1. To nail

Inflection

Conjugation of *naglijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*naglijō	*naglijaų	—	*naglijai	?
2nd singular	*naglīsi	*naglijais	*naglī	*naglijasai	*naglijaisau
3rd singular	*naglīþi	*naglijai	*naglijaþau	*naglijaþai	*naglijaiþau
1st dual	*naglijōs	*naglijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*naglijaþiz	*naglijaiþiz	*naglijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*naglijamaz	*naglijaim	—	*naglijanþai	*naglijainþau
2nd plural	*naglīþ	*naglijaiþ	*naglīþ	*naglijanþai	*naglijainþau
3rd plural	*naglijanþi	*naglijain	*naglijanþau	*naglijanþai	*naglijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*naglidǭ	*naglidēdį̄
2nd singular	*naglidēz	*naglidēdīz
3rd singular	*naglidē	*naglidēdī
1st dual	*naglidēdū	*naglidēdīw
2nd dual	*naglidēdudiz	*naglidēdīdiz
1st plural	*naglidēdum	*naglidēdīm
2nd plural	*naglidēdud	*naglidēdīd
3rd plural	*naglidēdun	*naglidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*naglijandz	*naglidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *naglijan; *naglōn
  • Old English: næġlan; næġlian
    • Middle English: nailen
      • English: nail
      • Scots: nail
  • Old Frisian: *neila, *nīla; *neilia, *nīlja
    • Saterland Frisian: nailje
    • West Frisian: nagelje
  • Old Saxon: neglian
    • Middle Low German: nēgelen, neglen, nāgelen
      • German Low German: nageln
  • Old Dutch: nagalen, *negilen
    • Middle Dutch: nēgelen, neglen, nāgelen
      • Dutch: nagelen
  • Old High German: negilen, nagalen
    • Middle High German: negelen, nagelen, nageln
      • German: nageln
• Old Norse: negla
  • Icelandic: negla
  • Swedish: nagla
• ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ganagljan)