𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ Proto-Germanic *naglijaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈnaɡl.jan/, [ɡaˈnaɣl.jan]

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (ganagljan) (perfective)

1. (hapax) to nail (employ a nail as a fastener)
   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Epistle to the Colossians (Codex Ambrosianus B) 2.14:

     𐌰𐍆𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐍉𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃 𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼, 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸𐍉 𐌿𐌽𐍃, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌼 𐌿𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐍄𐌰 𐌳𐌿 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌹𐌽,

     afswairbands þōs ana uns wadjabōkōs raginam seinaim, þatei was andaneiþō uns, jah þata usnam us midumai ganagljands ita du galgin,

     Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross; (KJV).

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 ganagljan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰 ganaglja	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰 ganaglida	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 ganagljada
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 ganagleis	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 ganaglidēs	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 ganagljaza
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸 ganagleiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰 ganaglida	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 ganagljada
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐍉𐍃 ganagljōs	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 ganaglidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 ganagljats	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 ganaglidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌼 ganagljam	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 ganaglidēdum	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ganagljanda
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸 ganagleiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 ganaglidēduþ	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ganagljanda
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 ganagljand	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 ganaglidēdun	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ganagljanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌿 ganagljau	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 ganaglidēdjau	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 ganagljaidau
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 ganagljais	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 ganaglidēdeis	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 ganagljaizau
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹 ganagljai	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 ganaglidēdi	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 ganagljaidau
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 ganagljaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 ganaglidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 ganagljaits	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 ganaglidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 ganagljaima	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 ganaglidēdeima	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ganagljaindau
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 ganagljaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 ganaglidēdeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ganagljaindau
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 ganagljaina	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 ganaglidēdeina	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ganagljaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹 ganaglei
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 ganagljadau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 ganagljats
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸 ganagleiþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ganagljandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 ganagljands	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌸𐍃 ganagliþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 98