Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/murþrijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *murþrą (“murder”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmur.θri.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*murþrijaną

1. to murder

Inflection

Conjugation of *murþrijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*murþrijō	*murþrijaų	—	*murþrijai	?
2nd singular	*murþrīsi	*murþrijais	*murþrī	*murþrijasai	*murþrijaisau
3rd singular	*murþrīþi	*murþrijai	*murþrijaþau	*murþrijaþai	*murþrijaiþau
1st dual	*murþrijōs	*murþrijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*murþrijaþiz	*murþrijaiþiz	*murþrijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*murþrijamaz	*murþrijaim	—	*murþrijanþai	*murþrijainþau
2nd plural	*murþrīþ	*murþrijaiþ	*murþrīþ	*murþrijanþai	*murþrijainþau
3rd plural	*murþrijanþi	*murþrijain	*murþrijanþau	*murþrijanþai	*murþrijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*murþridǭ	*murþridēdį̄
2nd singular	*murþridēz	*murþridēdīz
3rd singular	*murþridē	*murþridēdī
1st dual	*murþridēdū	*murþridēdīw
2nd dual	*murþridēdudiz	*murþridēdīdiz
1st plural	*murþridēdum	*murþridēdīm
2nd plural	*murþridēdud	*murþridēdīd
3rd plural	*murþridēdun	*murþridēdīn
	present	past
participles	*murþrijandz	*murþridaz

Derived terms

• *murþrijô

Related terms

• *murþą
• *murþijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *murþrijan
  • Old English: myrþran
    • Middle English: murtheren, morthren, murdren, mordren
      • Scots: murther, murder
      • English: murder
  • Old High German: murdiren, murdren
    • Middle High German: mürdern, murderen, murderōn, morderen, morderōn, murdern, murderen
      • German: mördern
  • → Old French: mordrir, mourdrir, meurdrir, meurtrir
    • Middle French: meurtrir
      • French: meurtrir
    • → Medieval Latin: mordrire
• Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maurþrjan)