Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/maþlijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *maþlą (“speech, gathering, legal case”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɑθ.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*maþlijaną

to speak

Inflection

Conjugation of *maþlijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*maþlijō	*maþlijaų	—	*maþlijai	?
2nd singular	*maþlīsi	*maþlijais	*maþlī	*maþlijasai	*maþlijaisau
3rd singular	*maþlīþi	*maþlijai	*maþlijaþau	*maþlijaþai	*maþlijaiþau
1st dual	*maþlijōs	*maþlijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*maþlijaþiz	*maþlijaiþiz	*maþlijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*maþlijamaz	*maþlijaim	—	*maþlijanþai	*maþlijainþau
2nd plural	*maþlīþ	*maþlijaiþ	*maþlīþ	*maþlijanþai	*maþlijainþau
3rd plural	*maþlijanþi	*maþlijain	*maþlijanþau	*maþlijanþai	*maþlijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*maþlidǭ	*maþlidēdį̄
2nd singular	*maþlidēz	*maþlidēdīz
3rd singular	*maþlidē	*maþlidēdī
1st dual	*maþlidēdū	*maþlidēdīw
2nd dual	*maþlidēdudiz	*maþlidēdīdiz
1st plural	*maþlidēdum	*maþlidēdīm
2nd plural	*maþlidēdud	*maþlidēdīd
3rd plural	*maþlidēdun	*maþlidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*maþlijandz	*maþlidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *maþlijan
- Old English: mǣlan, mæþlan
  - Middle English: melen, mellen
    - English: mell
- Old Saxon: mahlian
  - Middle Low German:
    - German Low German: melen
      - ⇒ German Low German: afmelen, utmelen
- Old High German: mahalen
  - Middle High German: mehelen
    - German: vermählen
- → Late Latin: admallāre
Old Norse: mæla
- Icelandic: mæla
- Faroese: mæla
- Norwegian Nynorsk: mæla
- Norwegian Bokmål: mæle
- Old Swedish: mǣla, mælla
  - Swedish: mäla
- Old Danish: mælæ
  - Scanian: mæla, møla, mælla
  - Danish: mæle
- Gutnish: melä
Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maþljan)
Crimean Gothic: malthata