Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/leusaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lewHs-, from *lewh₁- (“to cut, sever, separate, loosen, lose”). Outside of Germanic, related to Hittite [script needed] (lūri-, “loss of honor, disgrace”), Tocharian A lāwā- (“to send”), Sanskrit लून (lūna, “to sever, cut forth, destroy, annihilate”), Ancient Greek λύω (lúō, “to loosen, liberate”), Latin luō (“to expiate, pay”), Old Irish asloí (“to escape”),^[1] and possibly Old Armenian լուծանեմ (lucanem) and Albanian lirë.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈleu̯.sɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*leusaną^[1]^[2]

to lose, to cease to have

Inflection

Conjugation of *leusaną (strong class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*leusō	*leusaų	—	*leusai	?
2nd singular	*liusizi	*leusaiz	*leus	*leusazai	*leusaizau
3rd singular	*liusidi	*leusai	*leusadau	*leusadai	*leusaidau
1st dual	*leusōz	*leusaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*leusadiz	*leusaidiz	*leusadiz	—	—
1st plural	*leusamaz	*leusaim	—	*leusandai	*leusaindau
2nd plural	*liusid	*leusaid	*liusid	*leusandai	*leusaindau
3rd plural	*leusandi	*leusain	*leusandau	*leusandai	*leusaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*laus	*luzį̄
2nd singular	*laust	*luzīz
3rd singular	*laus	*luzī
1st dual	*luzū	*luzīw
2nd dual	*luzudiz	*luzīdiz
1st plural	*luzum	*luzīm
2nd plural	*luzud	*luzīd
3rd plural	*luzun	*luzīn

	present	past
participles	*leusandz	*luzanaz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *leusan
- Old English: *lēosan
  - Middle English: lesen
    - English: leese
    - Scots: lese, leis
- Old Frisian: liāsa
- Old Saxon: *liosan
  - Middle Low German: lêsen
- Old High German: *liosan
  - Middle High German: liesen
Gothic: *𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (*liusan) (in derivatives)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*leusan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 334
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*leusanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 243

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*leusan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 334

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*leusanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 243

[1]

[2]