Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lappaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*lappǭ

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *lopnó-, from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely, flop”).

Noun

*lappaz n

flap, lobe
strip

Inflection

z-stemDeclension of *lappaz (z-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*lappaz	*lappizō
vocative	*lappaz	*lappizō
accusative	*lappaz	*lappizō
genitive	*lappiziz	*lappizǫ̂
dative	*lappizi	*lappizumaz
instrumental	*lappizē	*lappizumiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *lappā f; *lappō m
- Old English: læppa, lappa
  - Middle English: lappe
    - English: lap
    - Scots: lap
- ⇒ Old English: *leppruc, *lippric
  - ⇒ Old English: ēarelippric
- Old Frisian: lappa
  - Saterland Frisian: Lappe
  - West Frisian: lappe, lape
- Old Saxon: lappo
  - Middle Low German: lappe
    - German Low German: Lappen
- Old Dutch: *lappa
  - Middle Dutch: lappe
    - Dutch: lap
      - Afrikaans: lap
- Old High German: lappo; lappa f
  - Middle High German: lappe
    - German: Lappe, Lappen
- → Old French: *labbe, *labre
  - ⇒ Old French: labelle, label, labbelle, lambel (diminutive)
    - Middle French: label, lambeau, lambel
      - French: lambeau
  - ⇒ Middle French: *labrer (verb)
    - ⇒ Middle French: deslabrer, délabrer
      - French: délabrer
    - → Middle English: label, labelle
      - English: label
        → Danish: label
        → Dutch: label
        → French: label
        → Japanese: ラベル (raberu)
        → Korean: 라벨 (rabel)
        → Korean: 레이블 (reibeul)
        → Malay: label
        → Polish: label
        → Welsh: label
Old Norse: leppr, lappir m (lappir possibly borrowed from Middle Low German)
- Icelandic: leppur
- Faroese: leppur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: lapp
- Norwegian Bokmål: lapp
- Old Swedish: lapper
  - Swedish: lapp
- Danish: lap