Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laiþāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *laiþaz (“loathsome”) +‎ *-āną.

Verb

*laiþāną

1. to loathe, to detest, to revile

Inflection

Conjugation of *laiþāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*laiþō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*laiþaisi	?	*laiþai	*laiþāsai	?
3rd singular	*laiþaiþi	?	*laiþāþau	*laiþāþai	?
1st dual	*laiþōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*laiþāþiz	?	*laiþāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*laiþāmaz	?	—	*laiþānþai	?
2nd plural	*laiþaiþ	?	*laiþaiþ	*laiþānþai	?
3rd plural	*laiþānþi	?	*laiþānþau	*laiþānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*laiþadǭ	*laiþadēdį̄
2nd singular	*laiþadēz	*laiþadēdīz
3rd singular	*laiþadē	*laiþadēdī
1st dual	*laiþadēdū	*laiþadēdīw
2nd dual	*laiþadēdudiz	*laiþadēdīdiz
1st plural	*laiþadēdum	*laiþadēdīm
2nd plural	*laiþadēdud	*laiþadēdīd
3rd plural	*laiþadēdun	*laiþadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*laiþāndz	*laiþadaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *laiþēn
  • Old English: lāþian
    • Middle English: lathen, lothen
      • English: loathe
        • → Scots: lothe
      • Scots: lathe, laith
  • Old Saxon: lēthōn
  • Old Dutch: *lēthon
    • Middle Dutch: lêden
  • Old High German: leidēn, leidōn
    • Middle High German: leiden
• Old Norse: leiða, leiðask
  • Icelandic: leiða, leiðast
  • Danish: ledes