Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lahaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lok-. Compare Old Irish locht (“fault, vice”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɑ.xɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*lahaną^[1]^[2]^[3]

to blame, fault, reproach

Inflection

Conjugation of *lahaną (strong class 6)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*lahō	*lahaų	—	*lahai	?
2nd singular	*lahizi	*lahaiz	*lah	*lahazai	*lahaizau
3rd singular	*lahidi	*lahai	*lahadau	*lahadai	*lahaidau
1st dual	*lahōz	*lahaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*lahadiz	*lahaidiz	*lahadiz	—	—
1st plural	*lahamaz	*lahaim	—	*lahandai	*lahaindau
2nd plural	*lahid	*lahaid	*lahid	*lahandai	*lahaindau
3rd plural	*lahandi	*lahain	*lahandau	*lahandai	*lahaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*lōg	*lōgį̄
2nd singular	*lōht	*lōgīz
3rd singular	*lōg	*lōgī
1st dual	*lōgū	*lōgīw
2nd dual	*lōgudiz	*lōgīdiz
1st plural	*lōgum	*lōgīm
2nd plural	*lōgud	*lōgīd
3rd plural	*lōgun	*lōgīn

	present	past
participles	*lahandz	*laganaz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *lahan
- Old English: lēan
  - Middle English: *lēen (attested in past tense lough)
- Old Saxon: lahan
- Old High German: lahan
Old Norse: *lá
- Icelandic: lá
⇒? Proto-Finnic: *laittadak

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*lahan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 322
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*laxanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 232
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “LAH-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 321

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*lahan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 322

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*laxanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 232

[3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “LAH-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 321

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