Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwellaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to drip, stream”). Cognate with Sanskrit गलति (galati, “to drip, ooze”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkwel.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwellaną

1. to well
2. to gush, stream

Inflection

Conjugation of *kwellaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwellō	*kwellaų	—	*kwellai	?
2nd singular	*kwillizi	*kwellaiz	*kwell	*kwellazai	*kwellaizau
3rd singular	*kwillidi	*kwellai	*kwelladau	*kwelladai	*kwellaidau
1st dual	*kwellōz	*kwellaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kwelladiz	*kwellaidiz	*kwelladiz	—	—
1st plural	*kwellamaz	*kwellaim	—	*kwellandai	*kwellaindau
2nd plural	*kwillid	*kwellaid	*kwillid	*kwellandai	*kwellaindau
3rd plural	*kwellandi	*kwellain	*kwellandau	*kwellandai	*kwellaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwall	*kullį̄
2nd singular	*kwallt	*kullīz
3rd singular	*kwall	*kullī
1st dual	*kullū	*kullīw
2nd dual	*kulludiz	*kullīdiz
1st plural	*kullum	*kullīm
2nd plural	*kullud	*kullīd
3rd plural	*kullun	*kullīn
	present	past
participles	*kwellandz	*kullanaz

Related terms

• *kwellǭ

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kwellan, *kwalljan
  • Old Saxon: quellan
    • Middle Low German: quellen, quillen
      • → Swedish: kvälla
  • Old Dutch: *quellan
    • Middle Dutch: quellen
      • Dutch: kwellen
      • Limburgish: kwèlle
  • Old High German: kwellan, quellan
    • Middle High German: quëllen, quallen
      • German: quellen
      • Yiddish: קוועלן (kveln)
        • → English: kvell
    • ⇒ Old High German: ubarkwellan, ubarquellan