Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klukkwōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of imitative origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkluk.kwɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*klukkwōną

1. to cluck

Inflection

Conjugation of *klukkwōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klukkwō	*klukkwǭ	—	*klukkwōi	?
2nd singular	*klukkwōsi	*klukkwōs	*klukkwō	*klukkwōsai	*klukkwōsau
3rd singular	*klukkwōþi	*klukkwō	*klukkwōþau	*klukkwōþai	*klukkwōþau
1st dual	*klukkwōs	*klukkwōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*klukkwōþiz	*klukkwōþiz	*klukkwōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*klukkwōmaz	*klukkwōm	—	*klukkwōnþai	*klukkwōnþau
2nd plural	*klukkwōþ	*klukkwōþ	*klukkwōþ	*klukkwōnþai	*klukkwōnþau
3rd plural	*klukkwōnþi	*klukkwōn	*klukkwōnþau	*klukkwōnþai	*klukkwōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klukkwōdǭ	*klukkwōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*klukkwōdēz	*klukkwōdēdīz
3rd singular	*klukkwōdē	*klukkwōdēdī
1st dual	*klukkwōdēdū	*klukkwōdēdīw
2nd dual	*klukkwōdēdudiz	*klukkwōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*klukkwōdēdum	*klukkwōdēdīm
2nd plural	*klukkwōdēdud	*klukkwōdēdīd
3rd plural	*klukkwōdēdun	*klukkwōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*klukkwōndz	*klukkwōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *klukkwōn
  • Old English: cloccian, cluccian
    • Middle English: clokken, cloken, clocken, clokkyn
      • English: cluck, clock
      • Scots: clok, clock, cleck
  • Old Saxon: *klukkōn
    • Middle Low German: klucken
      • Low German: klucken
  • Old Dutch: *klukkōn
    • Middle Dutch: clocken
      • Dutch: klokken
  • Old High German: klokkōn, klokkēn
    • Middle High German: klucken
      • Cimbrian: khlukhan
      • German: klucken
    • ⇒ Middle High German: glucken (by dissimilation)
      • German: glucken
• Old Norse: kløkkva, kløkka
  • Icelandic: klökkva
  • Swedish: klucka
  • Danish: klukke