Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaldijǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kaldaz (“cold”) +‎ *-jǭ. Related to Proto-Slavic *koldędzь (probably borrowed from Germanic), *koldьcь, *koldenьcь (“well”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑl.di.jɔ̃ː/

Noun

*kaldijǭ f

1. well, spring

   Synonyms: *brunnô, *sauþaz

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *kaldijǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kaldijǭ	*kaldijōniz
vocative	*kaldijǭ	*kaldijōniz
accusative	*kaldijōnų	*kaldijōnunz
genitive	*kaldijōniz	*kaldijōnǫ̂
dative	*kaldijōni	*kaldijōmaz
instrumental	*kaldijōnē	*kaldijōmiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kaldijā
  • Old English: ċelde
• Old Norse: kelda
  • Icelandic: kelda
  • Faroese: kelda
  • Norwegian: kjelde
  • Swedish: källa
  • Danish: kilde
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: kilde
• → Proto-Samic: *kāltëjō (see there for further descendants)