Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jaatjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *jētijaną

Etymology

From *ja (“yes”) +‎ *-atjaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɑ.xɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*jaatjaną

1. to say ‘yes’, assent (to), consent, confirm, grant

Inflection

Conjugation of *jaatjaną (weak class 1 j-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*jaatjō	*jaatjaų	—	*jaatjai	?
2nd singular	*jaatisi	*jaatjais	*jaati	*jaatjasai	*jaatjaisau
3rd singular	*jaatiþi	*jaatjai	*jaatjaþau	*jaatjaþai	*jaatjaiþau
1st dual	*jaatjōs	*jaatjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*jaatjaþiz	*jaatjaiþiz	*jaatjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*jaatjamaz	*jaatjaim	—	*jaatjanþai	*jaatjainþau
2nd plural	*jaatiþ	*jaatjaiþ	*jaatiþ	*jaatjanþai	*jaatjainþau
3rd plural	*jaatjanþi	*jaatjain	*jaatjanþau	*jaatjanþai	*jaatjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*jaastǭ	*jaastēdį̄
2nd singular	*jaastēz	*jaastēdīz
3rd singular	*jaastē	*jaastēdī
1st dual	*jaastēdū	*jaastēdīw
2nd dual	*jaastēdudiz	*jaastēdīdiz
1st plural	*jaastēdum	*jaastēdīm
2nd plural	*jaastēdud	*jaastēdīd
3rd plural	*jaastēdun	*jaastēdīn
	present	past
participles	*jaatjandz	*jaatidaz

Antonyms

• *niitjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *jaattjan, *jāttjan
  • Old English: ġēatan
    • Middle English: ȝeaten, ȝaten, yeten
  • Old Frisian: gēta, gāta
    • ⇒? Saterland Frisian: bijeedje
    • ⇒? West Frisian: itigje, ytsje
  • Old Dutch: *jāetten, *jātten, *jāten
    • ⇒? Middle Dutch: jaet (adverb, particle, interjection)
  • Old High German: jāezzen, jāzen
    • Middle High German: jāzen
      • ⇒ Middle High German: bejāzen
      • ⇒ Middle High German: verjāzen, verjāgen
    • ⇒ Old High German: gijāezzen, gijāzen
• Old Norse: játa, játta
  • Icelandic: játa
  • Faroese: játta
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: jata, jatta
  • Old Swedish: iǣt(t)a, iāt(t)a
  • Old Danish: jate
    • Danish: jætte, jatte; ⇒ forjætte
      • Norwegian Bokmål: jatte; forjette