Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwurbōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Related to *hwerbaną (“to turn, move”).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxʷur.βɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hwurbōną

(North Germanic) to turn, turn around
(North Germanic) to look at, watch
(North Germanic) to look a certain way, have a certain appearance

Inflection

Conjugation of *hwurbōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hwurbō	*hwurbǭ	—	*hwurbōi	?
2nd singular	*hwurbōsi	*hwurbōs	*hwurbō	*hwurbōsai	*hwurbōsau
3rd singular	*hwurbōþi	*hwurbō	*hwurbōþau	*hwurbōþai	*hwurbōþau
1st dual	*hwurbōs	*hwurbōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hwurbōþiz	*hwurbōþiz	*hwurbōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hwurbōmaz	*hwurbōm	—	*hwurbōnþai	*hwurbōnþau
2nd plural	*hwurbōþ	*hwurbōþ	*hwurbōþ	*hwurbōnþai	*hwurbōnþau
3rd plural	*hwurbōnþi	*hwurbōn	*hwurbōnþau	*hwurbōnþai	*hwurbōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hwurbōdǭ	*hwurbōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hwurbōdēz	*hwurbōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hwurbōdē	*hwurbōdēdī
1st dual	*hwurbōdēdū	*hwurbōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hwurbōdēdudiz	*hwurbōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hwurbōdēdum	*hwurbōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hwurbōdēdud	*hwurbōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hwurbōdēdun	*hwurbōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hwurbōndz	*hwurbōdaz

Descendants

Old Norse: horfa
- Icelandic: horfa
- Faroese: horva

References

^ Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) “horfa”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
^ de Vries, Jan (1977) “horfa I”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary]‎^[1] (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 249

[1] Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) “horfa”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)

[2] Vries, Jan (1977) “horfa I”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary]‎^[1] (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 249

[1]

[2]