Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwarbōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷerp-, *kʷerb- (“to rotate, turn, turn around”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxʷɑr.βɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hwarbōną

1. to turn
2. to move

Inflection

Conjugation of *hwarbōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hwarbō	*hwarbǭ	—	*hwarbōi	?
2nd singular	*hwarbōsi	*hwarbōs	*hwarbō	*hwarbōsai	*hwarbōsau
3rd singular	*hwarbōþi	*hwarbō	*hwarbōþau	*hwarbōþai	*hwarbōþau
1st dual	*hwarbōs	*hwarbōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hwarbōþiz	*hwarbōþiz	*hwarbōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hwarbōmaz	*hwarbōm	—	*hwarbōnþai	*hwarbōnþau
2nd plural	*hwarbōþ	*hwarbōþ	*hwarbōþ	*hwarbōnþai	*hwarbōnþau
3rd plural	*hwarbōnþi	*hwarbōn	*hwarbōnþau	*hwarbōnþai	*hwarbōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hwarbōdǭ	*hwarbōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hwarbōdēz	*hwarbōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hwarbōdē	*hwarbōdēdī
1st dual	*hwarbōdēdū	*hwarbōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hwarbōdēdudiz	*hwarbōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hwarbōdēdum	*hwarbōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hwarbōdēdud	*hwarbōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hwarbōdēdun	*hwarbōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hwarbōndz	*hwarbōdaz

Related terms

• *hwarbą
• *hwarbaz
• *hwarbijaną
• *hwerbaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hwarbōn
  • Old English: hwearfian
    • Middle English: wharven
      • English: wharve
      • Scots: wharve
  • Old Saxon: hwarvōn
    • Middle Low German: warven (strong verb) (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hwerban)
      • German Low German: warven (strong verb)
  • Old Dutch: *warvon
    • Middle Dutch: warven, waerven (strong verb) (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hwerban)
  • Old High German: warbōn
• Old Norse: hvarfa
  • >? Swedish: varva
• Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐍂𐌱𐍉𐌽 (ƕarbōn)