Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hundaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *kun-tós, *ḱwn̥tós, an enlargement of Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”). For the enlargement compare Old Armenian սկունդ (skund, “dog, puppy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxun.dɑz/

Noun

*hundaz m

1. dog

   Hypernyms: *brakkô, *rakkuz, *bikjǭ, *hruþjô, *hwelpaz, *garmaz

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *hundaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hundaz	*hundōz, *hundōs
vocative	*hund	*hundōz, *hundōs
accusative	*hundą	*hundanz
genitive	*hundas, *hundis	*hundǫ̂
dative	*hundai	*hundamaz
instrumental	*hundō	*hundamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hund
  • Old English: hund
    • Middle English: hound, hund, honde
      • English: hound
      • Scots: hoond
  • Old Frisian: hund
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum: hünj

      Helgoland: Hin

      Mooring: hün

    • Saterland Frisian: Húund
    • West Frisian: hûn
  • Old Saxon: hund
    • Middle Low German: hund
      • Low German:
        • German Low German:

          East Frisian: Hund

          Hamburgisch: Hond

        • Westphalian:

          Sauerländisch: Hund

          Westmünsterländisch: Hund

      • Plautdietsch: Hunt
      • → Estonian: hunt
  • Old Dutch: hund
    • Middle Dutch: hont
      • Dutch: hond
        • Afrikaans: hond
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: hondo
        • Jersey Dutch: hônt
        • Negerhollands: hond, hon, hont, hun
          • → Virgin Islands Creole: hont (dated)
      • Limburgish: hóndj
  • Old High German: hunt
    • Middle High German: hunt
      • Alemannic German: Hund
        • Alsatian: Hund
        • Swabian: Hond
        • Walser: hun, hund, hunn, hònn
      • Bavarian:
        • Cimbrian: hunt
        • Mòcheno: hunt
        • Udinese: hunt
      • Central Franconian: Hond, Honk (most dialects of Ripuarian), Hongk (Aachen), Hunk (Kölsch)
        • Hunsrik: Hund
        • Kölsch: Hunk, Hungk
        • Luxembourgish: Hond
      • German: Hund
        • → Esperanto: hundo
          • → Ido: hundo
      • Mòcheno: hunt
      • Vilamovian: hund
      • Yiddish: הונט (hunt)
• Proto-Norse: *ᚺᚢᛞᚨᛉ (*hudaʀ /⁠hundaʀ⁠/)
  • ⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚹᛁᛞᚢᚺᚢᛞᚨᛉ (widuhudaʀ /⁠widuhundaʀ⁠/)
  • Old Norse: hundr
    • Icelandic: hundur
    • Faroese: hundur
    • Norn: hund
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: hund, (dialectal) hund’e, hónd’e
    • Old Swedish: hunder
      • Swedish: hund
        • → Finnish: hunttu
    • Old Danish: hund
      • Danish: hund
        • Norwegian Bokmål: hund
      • Scanian: hońń
    • Gutnish: hund
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (hunds)