Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwelpaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Probably a derivative, albeit with irregular phonetic development, of Proto-Indo-European *gʷelbʰ- (“womb”).

Alternatively, perhaps from *hwelpaną (“to yelp; bark”), maybe from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to call; shout; cry; make a noise”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxwel.pɑz/

Noun

*hwelpaz m

1. puppy
2. used also of other baby animals: cub, pup

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *hwelpaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hwelpaz	*hwelpōz, *hwelpōs
vocative	*hwelp	*hwelpōz, *hwelpōs
accusative	*hwelpą	*hwelpanz
genitive	*hwelpas, *hwilpis	*hwelpǫ̂
dative	*hwelpai	*hwelpamaz
instrumental	*hwelpō	*hwelpamiz

Related terms

• *hwelaną
• *hwellaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hwelp
  • Old English: hwelp
    • Middle English: whelp
      • Scots: whalp, whaulp
      • English: whelp
  • Old Frisian: *hwelp
    • West Frisian: welp
  • Old Saxon: hwelp
    • Middle Low German: welp, welpe
      • German Low German: Welpe
        • → German: Welpe, Welp
  • Old Dutch: welp
    • Middle Dutch: welp
      • Dutch: welp
  • Old High German: hwelf, welpf, welph, welf
    • Middle High German: wëlp, wëlf
      • German: Welf
• Old Norse: hvelpr
  • Icelandic: hvolpur
  • Faroese: hvølpur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kvelp, kvalp; (dialectal) kvølp, kvolp
  • Elfdalian: wep
  • Old Swedish: hvælper, hvalper
    • Swedish: valp
  • Danish: hvalp
    • Norwegian Bokmål: valp, hvalp
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: valp (defunct)
• → Proto-Samic: *vielppēs
  • Northern Sami: vielppis