Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/huljaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Zero-grade present, pre-Germanic *ḱl̥ye/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide”), the root of *helaną (“to hide, conceal”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxul.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*huljaną

1. to cover, veil

Inflection

Conjugation of *huljaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*huljō	*huljaų	—	*huljai	?
2nd singular	*hulisi	*huljais	*huli	*huljasai	*huljaisau
3rd singular	*huliþi	*huljai	*huljaþau	*huljaþai	*huljaiþau
1st dual	*huljōs	*huljaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*huljaþiz	*huljaiþiz	*huljaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*huljamaz	*huljaim	—	*huljanþai	*huljainþau
2nd plural	*huliþ	*huljaiþ	*huliþ	*huljanþai	*huljainþau
3rd plural	*huljanþi	*huljain	*huljanþau	*huljanþai	*huljainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hulidǭ	*hulidēdį̄
2nd singular	*hulidēz	*hulidēdīz
3rd singular	*hulidē	*hulidēdī
1st dual	*hulidēdū	*hulidēdīw
2nd dual	*hulidēdudiz	*hulidēdīdiz
1st plural	*hulidēdum	*hulidēdīm
2nd plural	*hulidēdud	*hulidēdīd
3rd plural	*hulidēdun	*hulidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*huljandz	*hulidaz

Derived terms

• *hulīniz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hulljan
  • Old English: hyllan
  • Old Frisian: hella
  • Old Saxon: *hullian
    • German Low German: hüllen
  • Old Dutch: *hullen
    • Middle Dutch: hullen
      • Dutch: hullen
        • Afrikaans: hul
  • Old High German: hullen
    • German: hüllen
• Old Norse: hylja
  • Icelandic: hylja
  • Faroese: hylja
  • Old Swedish: hylia
    • Swedish: hölja
  • Old Danish: hyliæ, hylæ, hyllæ
    • Danish: hylle
  • Gutnish: hyla
  • → Middle English: hilen
    • English: hill
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (huljan)