Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnippōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier paradigm *hnippōþi ~ *hnibunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *knibʰ-nā́-ti ~ *knibʰ-un-ánti, iterative from Proto-Indo-European *kneybʰ- (“to pinch”). Cognate with Latvian kniêbt, Lithuanian kniẽbti (“to pinch”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxnip.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnippōną^[1]

to pinch

Inflection

Conjugation of *hnippōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hnippō	*hnippǭ	—	*hnippōi	?
2nd singular	*hnippōsi	*hnippōs	*hnippō	*hnippōsai	*hnippōsau
3rd singular	*hnippōþi	*hnippō	*hnippōþau	*hnippōþai	*hnippōþau
1st dual	*hnippōs	*hnippōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnippōþiz	*hnippōþiz	*hnippōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnippōmaz	*hnippōm	—	*hnippōnþai	*hnippōnþau
2nd plural	*hnippōþ	*hnippōþ	*hnippōþ	*hnippōnþai	*hnippōnþau
3rd plural	*hnippōnþi	*hnippōn	*hnippōnþau	*hnippōnþai	*hnippōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnippōdǭ	*hnippōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hnippōdēz	*hnippōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hnippōdē	*hnippōdēdī
1st dual	*hnippōdēdū	*hnippōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hnippōdēdudiz	*hnippōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hnippōdēdum	*hnippōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hnippōdēdud	*hnippōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hnippōdēdun	*hnippōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hnippōndz	*hnippōdaz

Alternative reconstructions

*hnippijaną^[2]

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hnippōn
- Old English: *hnippian
  - Middle English: nippen (possibly loaned from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German instead)
    - English: nip
- Old Saxon: *hnippōn
  - Middle Low German: nippen
    - Low German: nippen
    - → German: nippen
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: nippe
    - → Danish: nippe
- Old Dutch: *nippon
  - Middle Dutch: nippen
    - Dutch: nippen
- Old High German: *nipfōn
  - Middle High German: nipfen
    - German: nipfen (dialectal)
Old Norse: hnippa
- Icelandic: hnippa

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hnippōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xnippjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 180

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hnippōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xnippjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 180

[1]

[2]