Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlakkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Secondary o-grade iterative of *hlahjaną (“to laugh”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxlɑk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hlakkōną

1. to laugh

Inflection

The original paradigm had two stems, singular *hlakk- and plural *hlagun-.

Conjugation of *hlakkōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hlakkō	*hlakkǭ	—	*hlakkōi	?
2nd singular	*hlakkōsi	*hlakkōs	*hlakkō	*hlakkōsai	*hlakkōsau
3rd singular	*hlakkōþi	*hlakkō	*hlakkōþau	*hlakkōþai	*hlakkōþau
1st dual	*hlakkōs	*hlakkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hlakkōþiz	*hlakkōþiz	*hlakkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hlakkōmaz	*hlakkōm	—	*hlakkōnþai	*hlakkōnþau
2nd plural	*hlakkōþ	*hlakkōþ	*hlakkōþ	*hlakkōnþai	*hlakkōnþau
3rd plural	*hlakkōnþi	*hlakkōn	*hlakkōnþau	*hlakkōnþai	*hlakkōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hlakkōdǭ	*hlakkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hlakkōdēz	*hlakkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hlakkōdē	*hlakkōdēdī
1st dual	*hlakkōdēdū	*hlakkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hlakkōdēdudiz	*hlakkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hlakkōdēdum	*hlakkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hlakkōdēdud	*hlakkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hlakkōdēdun	*hlakkōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hlakkōndz	*hlakkōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hlakkōn, *hlakōn
  • Old English: *hlacian
    • ⇒ Old English: *hlacerian
      • ⇒ Old English: hlacerung
  • Old Frisian: hlakkia, hlakia
    • Saterland Frisian: laachje
    • West Frisian: laitsje
• Old Norse: hlakka
  • Icelandic: hlakka

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, p. 228.