Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hinder

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *hindar

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”), from *ḱóm (“beside, near, by, with”). Cognate with Latin contrā (“back, against”), Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”); > Modern Welsh gan (“with, by”), Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

An alternative theory by Orel derives the term from *hiz (“this”), and thus from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxin.der/

Preposition

*hinder

1. (with accusative or dative) behind, beyond

Adverb

*hinder

1. back, on that side of, behind

Derived terms

• *hinderōną

Related terms

• *hindanē
  • Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰 (hindana)
• *hindrōną
• *hindumistaz
  • Old English: hindemest
    • English: hindmost
  • Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (hindumists)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic:
  • Old English: hinder
  • Old Dutch: hinder
    • Middle Dutch: hinder (rare as simplex)
      • Dutch: hinder (rare as simplex)
  • Old High German: hintar
    • Middle High German: hinter
      • Central Franconian: henger, henner (Moselle Franconian), honner, hönner (Eifel), hinger (Kölsch)
      • Cimbrian: hintare
      • German: hinter
      • Luxembourgish: hanner
      • Yiddish: הינטער (hinter)
• Old Norse: hindar
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂 (hindar)