Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *handuz (“hand”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑn.di.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*handijaną

1. to take by the hand; seize; grip; capture

Inflection

Conjugation of *handijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*handijō	*handijaų	—	*handijai	?
2nd singular	*handīsi	*handijais	*handī	*handijasai	*handijaisau
3rd singular	*handīþi	*handijai	*handijaþau	*handijaþai	*handijaiþau
1st dual	*handijōs	*handijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*handijaþiz	*handijaiþiz	*handijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*handijamaz	*handijaim	—	*handijanþai	*handijainþau
2nd plural	*handīþ	*handijaiþ	*handīþ	*handijanþai	*handijainþau
3rd plural	*handijanþi	*handijain	*handijanþau	*handijanþai	*handijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*handidǭ	*handidēdį̄
2nd singular	*handidēz	*handidēdīz
3rd singular	*handidē	*handidēdī
1st dual	*handidēdū	*handidēdīw
2nd dual	*handidēdudiz	*handidēdīdiz
1st plural	*handidēdum	*handidēdīm
2nd plural	*handidēdud	*handidēdīd
3rd plural	*handidēdun	*handidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*handijandz	*handidaz

Derived terms

• *handīniz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *handijan
  • Old English: *hendan
    • Middle English: henden
      • English: hend
      • ⇒ Middle English: handen, honden (form influenced by hand, hond)
        • English: hand
        • Scots: hand
    • ⇒ Old English: ġehendan
  • Old Frisian: henda, handa
    • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: houndje
    • West Frisian: heine
  • Old Saxon: *hendian
    • Middle Low German: *henden, *handen (form influenced by hant)
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: hendære, hender, handære
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: afhenden
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: vörhenden, vörhanden
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: belîfhanden
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: enthanden, enhanden
  • Old Dutch: *henden
    • Middle Dutch: henden, handen
      • Dutch: henden, handen, heinen (dialectal)
  • Old High German: hanten, *henten
    • Middle High German: henden, handen
      • ⇒ Middle High German: behenden
      • ⇒ Middle High German: enthenden
    • ⇒ Old High German: gihantit (ppt)
• Old Norse: henda
  • Icelandic: henda
  • Faroese: henda
  • Norwegian Bokmål: hende
  • Old Swedish: hænda
    • Swedish: hända
  • Danish: hænde