Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gumāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Kroonen assumes this is a stative verb created to an unattested adjective *gaumaz (“attentive”), whence also *gaumaz (“heed, attention”). The zero-grade of the verb would be a secondary development.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣu.mɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gumāną

1. to pay attention

Inflection

Conjugation of *gumāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gumō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*gumaisi	?	*gumai	*gumāsai	?
3rd singular	*gumaiþi	?	*gumāþau	*gumāþai	?
1st dual	*gumōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gumāþiz	?	*gumāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gumāmaz	?	—	*gumānþai	?
2nd plural	*gumaiþ	?	*gumaiþ	*gumānþai	?
3rd plural	*gumānþi	?	*gumānþau	*gumānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gumadǭ	*gumadēdį̄
2nd singular	*gumadēz	*gumadēdīz
3rd singular	*gumadē	*gumadēdī
1st dual	*gumadēdū	*gumadēdīw
2nd dual	*gumadēdudiz	*gumadēdīdiz
1st plural	*gumadēdum	*gumadēdīm
2nd plural	*gumadēdud	*gumadēdīd
3rd plural	*gumadēdun	*gumadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*gumāndz	*gumadaz

Related terms

• *gaumijaną

Descendants

• ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fragumēn
  • Old English: forgumian
  • Old Saxon: fargumōn
• ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *ubargumēn
  • Old English: ofergumian
• Old Norse: guma
  • Icelandic: guma