Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grunnatjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *grunnōną +‎ *-atjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to thunder”)^[1] or *gʰrun- (“to shout”),^[2] both likely imitative.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣrun.nɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grunnatjaną

To grunt.

Inflection

Conjugation of *grunnatjaną (weak class 1 j-present)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*grunnatjō	*grunnatjaų	—	*grunnatjai	?
2nd singular	*grunnatisi	*grunnatjais	*grunnati	*grunnatjasai	*grunnatjaisau
3rd singular	*grunnatiþi	*grunnatjai	*grunnatjaþau	*grunnatjaþai	*grunnatjaiþau
1st dual	*grunnatjōs	*grunnatjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*grunnatjaþiz	*grunnatjaiþiz	*grunnatjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*grunnatjamaz	*grunnatjaim	—	*grunnatjanþai	*grunnatjainþau
2nd plural	*grunnatiþ	*grunnatjaiþ	*grunnatiþ	*grunnatjanþai	*grunnatjainþau
3rd plural	*grunnatjanþi	*grunnatjain	*grunnatjanþau	*grunnatjanþai	*grunnatjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grunnastǭ	*grunnastēdį̄
2nd singular	*grunnastēz	*grunnastēdīz
3rd singular	*grunnastē	*grunnastēdī
1st dual	*grunnastēdū	*grunnastēdīw
2nd dual	*grunnastēdudiz	*grunnastēdīdiz
1st plural	*grunnastēdum	*grunnastēdīm
2nd plural	*grunnastēdud	*grunnastēdīd
3rd plural	*grunnastēdun	*grunnastēdīn

	present	past
participles	*grunnatjandz	*grunnatidaz

Related terms

*grunnitjaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *grunnattjan
- Old English: grunnettan
  - Middle English: grunten, gronte, gronten, grunt, grunte, grunton
    - English: grunt
    - Scots: grunt
- Old High German: grunnezzen, grunzen
  - Middle High German: grunzen
    - German: grunzen
    - Luxembourgish: grunzen
  - → Middle Low German: grunsen, grünsen

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1126”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1126
^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 773

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1126”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1126

[2] Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 773

[1]

[2]