Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gramitjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *gramaz (“angry”) +‎ *-itjaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣrɑ.mit.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gramitjaną

1. to grunt
2. to rage, roar

Inflection

Conjugation of *gramitjaną (weak class 1 j-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gramitjō	*gramitjaų	—	*gramitjai	?
2nd singular	*gramitisi	*gramitjais	*gramiti	*gramitjasai	*gramitjaisau
3rd singular	*gramitiþi	*gramitjai	*gramitjaþau	*gramitjaþai	*gramitjaiþau
1st dual	*gramitjōs	*gramitjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gramitjaþiz	*gramitjaiþiz	*gramitjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gramitjamaz	*gramitjaim	—	*gramitjanþai	*gramitjainþau
2nd plural	*gramitiþ	*gramitjaiþ	*gramitiþ	*gramitjanþai	*gramitjainþau
3rd plural	*gramitjanþi	*gramitjain	*gramitjanþau	*gramitjanþai	*gramitjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gramistǭ	*gramistēdį̄
2nd singular	*gramistēz	*gramistēdīz
3rd singular	*gramistē	*gramistēdī
1st dual	*gramistēdū	*gramistēdīw
2nd dual	*gramistēdudiz	*gramistēdīdiz
1st plural	*gramistēdum	*gramistēdīm
2nd plural	*gramistēdud	*gramistēdīd
3rd plural	*gramistēdun	*gramistēdīn
	present	past
participles	*gramitjandz	*gramitidaz

Descendants

• Old English: ġremettan, ġrymettan
  • Middle English: grenten, grinten
• Old High German: *gremizzen; gremizzōn
  • Middle High German: gremzen
    • German: gremsen
• Old Norse:
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: grymte