Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grīnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰrey- (“to flash”), with a nasal suffix; potential cognates include Old Irish grían (“sun”).^[1] Alternatively, of ideophonic origin.^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣriː.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grīnaną^[1]^[2]

to snarl, show teeth, grin
to flash, give light

Inflection

Conjugation of *grīnaną (strong class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*grīnō	*grīnaų	—	*grīnai	?
2nd singular	*grīnizi	*grīnaiz	*grīn	*grīnazai	*grīnaizau
3rd singular	*grīnidi	*grīnai	*grīnadau	*grīnadai	*grīnaidau
1st dual	*grīnōz	*grīnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*grīnadiz	*grīnaidiz	*grīnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*grīnamaz	*grīnaim	—	*grīnandai	*grīnaindau
2nd plural	*grīnid	*grīnaid	*grīnid	*grīnandai	*grīnaindau
3rd plural	*grīnandi	*grīnain	*grīnandau	*grīnandai	*grīnaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grain	*grinį̄
2nd singular	*graint	*grinīz
3rd singular	*grain	*grinī
1st dual	*grinū	*grinīw
2nd dual	*grinudiz	*grinīdiz
1st plural	*grinum	*grinīm
2nd plural	*grinud	*grinīd
3rd plural	*grinun	*grinīn

	present	past
participles	*grīnandz	*grinanaz

Related terms

*grainōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *grīnan
- Old Saxon: *grīnan
  - Middle Low German: grînen
    - German Low German: grienen
      - → German: grienen
    - → Dutch: grienen
- Old Dutch: *grīnan
  - Middle Dutch: grinen
    - Dutch: grijnen (obsolete)
    - Limburgish: griene
- Old High German: grīnan
  - Middle High German: grīnen
    - Alemannic German: griine
    - German: greinen
    - Luxembourgish: gréngen
Old Norse: grína
- Icelandic: grína
- Faroese: grína
- Norwegian Nynorsk: grina
- Elfdalian: graina
- Old Swedish: *grīna
  - Swedish: grina
- Danish: grine
  - Norwegian Bokmål: grine

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*grīnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒrīnanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 143

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*grīnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190

[HGE-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒrīnanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 143

[1]

[2]