Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grētaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁d- (“to sound”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣrɛː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grētaną

1. to weep, to cry

Inflection

Conjugation of *grētaną (strong class 7d)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grētō	*grētaų	—	*grētai	?
2nd singular	*grētizi	*grētaiz	*grēt	*grētazai	*grētaizau
3rd singular	*grētidi	*grētai	*grētadau	*grētadai	*grētaidau
1st dual	*grētōz	*grētaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*grētadiz	*grētaidiz	*grētadiz	—	—
1st plural	*grētamaz	*grētaim	—	*grētandai	*grētaindau
2nd plural	*grētid	*grētaid	*grētid	*grētandai	*grētaindau
3rd plural	*grētandi	*grētain	*grētandau	*grētandai	*grētaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gegrōt	*gegrōtį̄
2nd singular	*gegrōst	*gegrōtīz
3rd singular	*gegrōt	*gegrōtī
1st dual	*gegrōtū	*gegrōtīw
2nd dual	*gegrōtudiz	*gegrōtīdiz
1st plural	*gegrōtum	*gegrōtīm
2nd plural	*gegrōtud	*gegrōtīd
3rd plural	*gegrōtun	*gegrōtīn
	present	past
participles	*grētandz	*grētanaz

Derived terms

• *grōtijaną (“to make someone weep, bring to tears”, causative)

Related terms

• *grētaz (“weeping, crying”)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *grātan
  • Old English: grǣtan
    • Middle English: greten
      • Scots: grete, greit
      • English: greet
  • Old Saxon: grātan
    • Middle Low German: gretten, grötten
      • Low German: graten
  • Old High German: grāzzan
    • Middle High German: grāzen; grazieren
      • Alemannic German: graasse
  • → Old French: regrater, regreter
    • Middle French: regreter, regretter
      • French: regretter
    • → Middle English: regretten
      • English: regret
• Old Norse: gráta
  • Icelandic: gráta
  • Faroese: gráta
  • Norwegian: gråta
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: gråte
  • Elfdalian: gråta
  • Old Swedish: grāta
    • Swedish: gråta
  • Old Danish: grǣtæ
    • Danish: græde
    • Scanian: grǽda
  • Gutnish: grate
• Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌰𐌽 (grētan)