Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/geutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣeu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*geutaną

1. to pour

Inflection

Conjugation of *geutaną (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*geutō	*geutaų	—	*geutai	?
2nd singular	*giutizi	*geutaiz	*geut	*geutazai	*geutaizau
3rd singular	*giutidi	*geutai	*geutadau	*geutadai	*geutaidau
1st dual	*geutōz	*geutaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*geutadiz	*geutaidiz	*geutadiz	—	—
1st plural	*geutamaz	*geutaim	—	*geutandai	*geutaindau
2nd plural	*giutid	*geutaid	*giutid	*geutandai	*geutaindau
3rd plural	*geutandi	*geutain	*geutandau	*geutandai	*geutaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gaut	*gutį̄
2nd singular	*gaust	*gutīz
3rd singular	*gaut	*gutī
1st dual	*gutū	*gutīw
2nd dual	*gutudiz	*gutīdiz
1st plural	*gutum	*gutīm
2nd plural	*gutud	*gutīd
3rd plural	*gutun	*gutīn
	present	past
participles	*geutandz	*gutanaz

Derived terms

• (perhaps) *gutô
• (perhaps) *gautaz
• (perhaps) *eutaz
• *ubergeutaną

Related terms

• *guttōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *geutan
  • Old English: ġēotan
    • Middle English: yeten
      • English: yet, ewte (dialectal), yete (obsolete), yeet
      • Scots: ȝet, yet, yat
      • ⇒ English: yote (via past participle yoten) (dialectal)
    • English: gut
  • Old Frisian: jāta
    • Saterland Frisian: joote
    • West Frisian: jitte
  • Old Saxon: giotan
    • Middle Low German: gêten
      • German Low German: geten
  • Old Dutch: gietan
    • Middle Dutch: gieten
      • Dutch: gieten
        • Afrikaans: giet
      • Limburgish: gete
  • Old High German: giozan
    • Middle High German: giezen
      • German: gießen
        • → French: gueuse, guise (“pig iron”)
          • → Italian: ghisa (“cast iron”)
            • → Cimbrian: ghiiza
      • Luxembourgish: géissen
      • Yiddish: גיסן (gisn)
• Old Norse: gjóta
  • Icelandic: gjóta
  • Faroese: gýta
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gjota, gyta
  • Dalian:
    • Mora: gjota
    • Elfdalian: dşuta
  • Old Swedish: giūta
    • Swedish: gjuta
  • Danish: gyde
    • Norwegian Bokmål: gyte
  • Gutnish: giauta
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (giutan)