Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gernaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerH-no-s, from *ǵʰerH- (“to yearn for, rejoice”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to be very glad”), Latin horior (“to encourage”), Sanskrit हर्यति (háryati, “to enjoy, like”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣer.nɑz/

Adjective

*gernaz (adverb *gernô)

1. eager, willing

Inflection

Declension of *gernaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*gernaz	*gernai	*gernō	*gernôz	*gerną, -atō	*gernō
Accusative	*gernanǭ	*gernanz	*gernǭ	*gernōz	*gerną, -atō	*gernō
Genitive	*gernas, -is	*gernaizǫ̂	*gernaizōz	*gernaizǫ̂	*gernas, -is	*gernaizǫ̂
Dative	*gernammai	*gernaimaz	*gernaizōi	*gernaimaz	*gernammai	*gernaimaz
Instrumental	*gernanō	*gernaimiz	*gernaizō	*gernaimiz	*gernanō	*gernaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*gernô	*gernaniz	*gernǭ	*gernōniz	*gernô	*gernōnō
Accusative	*gernanų	*gernanunz	*gernōnų	*gernōnunz	*gernô	*gernōnō
Genitive	*gerniniz	*gernanǫ̂	*gernōniz	*gernōnǫ̂	*gerniniz	*gernanǫ̂
Dative	*gernini	*gernammaz	*gernōni	*gernōmaz	*gernini	*gernammaz
Instrumental	*gerninē	*gernammiz	*gernōnē	*gernōmiz	*gerninē	*gernammiz

Derived terms

• *gernô
• *girnijaną
• *girnį̄
• *-gernaz (“eager for”)
  • *fehugernaz (“eager for money”)
  • *Friþugernaz (male given name, literally “eager for peace”)
  • *lubagernaz (“eager for glory”)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gern
  • Old English: ġeorn
    • Middle English: ȝeorn, yern
      • English: yern (obsolete)
  • Old Saxon: gern
  • Old High German: gern, gerni
    • Middle High German: gern, gerne
• Old Norse: gjarn
  • Icelandic: gjarn
  • Faroese: gjarnur
  • Old Swedish: giærn
• >? Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (*gairns)
• → Proto-Finnic: *kërnas (see there for further descendants)