horior

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *herjō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-. Cognate with Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō). The active was lost.

Verb

horior (present infinitive horī); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent, no perfect or supine stems

1. (archaic, hapax) to encourage, urge

Conjugation

The only attested form of this verb is horitur, appearing once in Ennius:

• 239 BCE – 169 BCE, Ennius, Annales 432:

  […] prandere iubet horiturque

  he orders and encourages them to break their fast

Assuming that this fragmentary verse appears at the end of a line of dactylic hexameter, the vowel in horitur would be short, making horior a third-conjugation verb. This conjugation is listed in TLL, De Vaan and Lewis and Short.

   Conjugation of horior (third conjugation iō-variant, no supine stem, deponent)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	horior		horeris, horere		horitur		horimur		horiminī		horiuntur
	imperfect	horiēbar		horiēbāris, horiēbāre		horiēbātur		horiēbāmur		horiēbāminī		horiēbantur
	future	horiar		horiēris, horiēre		horiētur		horiēmur		horiēminī		horientur
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	horiar		horiāris, horiāre		horiātur		horiāmur		horiāminī		horiantur
	imperfect	horerer		horerēris, horerēre		horerētur		horerēmur		horerēminī		horerentur
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		horere		—		—		horiminī		—
	future	—		horitor		horitor		—		—		horiuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		horī			—			horiēns			—
future		—			—			—			horiendus, horiundus
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		horiendī		horiendō		horiendum		horiendō		—		—

On the other hand, Gaffiot gives it as a fourth-conjugation verb, perhaps on the basis of the archaic frequentative horitō (< *horitus), also attested in Ennius.

Derived terms

• hortor

References

• “horior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• horior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• “horior” in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present