Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gīslaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Celtic *geistlos (“hostage, pledge”) (compare Old Irish gíall, Welsh gwystl), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ- (“to desire, wait for”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣiːs.lɑz/

Noun

*gīslaz m

1. hostage

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *gīslaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gīslaz	*gīslōz, *gīslōs
vocative	*gīsl	*gīslōz, *gīslōs
accusative	*gīslą	*gīslanz
genitive	*gīslas, *gīslis	*gīslǫ̂
dative	*gīslai	*gīslamaz
instrumental	*gīslō	*gīslamiz

Derived terms

• *gīslōną
• *gīslungō

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gīsl
  • Old English: ġīsel, ġīsl
    • Middle English: ȝisel, ȝisle
  • Old Saxon: gīsal
    • Middle Low German: gîsel
      • Low German: Giesel
  • Old Dutch: *gīsal
    • Middle Dutch: gisel
      • Dutch: gijzel
      • → West Frisian: gizel
      • Middle Dutch: giselare
        • Dutch: gijzelaar
        • → West Frisian: gizeler
  • Old High German: gīsal
    • Middle High German: gīsel
      • German: Geisel
        • → German Low German: Geisel
• Proto-Norse: *ᚷᛁᛊᛚᚨᛉ (*gislaʀ)
  • ⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚨᛊᚢᚷᛁᛊᚨᛚᚨᛊ (asugisalas /⁠ą̄sugīsᵃlas⁠/)
  • Old Norse: gísl
    • Icelandic: gísl
    • Faroese: gísli
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: gissel, gisl
    • Norwegian Bokmål: gissel
    • Old Swedish: gīsl
      • ⇒ Old Swedish: gislan
        • Swedish: gisslan
    • Danish: gidsel
• Vandalic: *gīsl-
• → Proto-Finnic: *kihla (see there for further descendants)