gíall

See also: giall

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʲiːa̯l͈/

Etymology 1

According to MacBain, possibly borrowed from Old English ceafl (“cheek, jaw”).

Noun

gíall m (genitive géill)

1. jaw

Inflection

Masculine o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	gíall	gíallL	géillL
vocative	géill	gíallL	gíalluH
accusative	gíallN	gíallL	gíalluH
genitive	géillL	gíall	gíallN
dative	gíallL	gíallaib	gíallaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: giall (“jaw, lower cheek”)
• Scottish Gaelic: giall (“jaw, jowl”)

References

• MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “giall”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[1], Stirling, →ISBN, page 193

Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *geistlos (compare Welsh gwystl, Cornish gostel, Breton gouestl), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeystlo-, from *gʰeydʰ-.

Noun

gíall m (genitive géill)

1. human pledge, hostage

Inflection

Masculine o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	gíall	gíallL	géillL
vocative	géill	gíallL	gíalluH
accusative	gíallN	gíallL	gíalluH
genitive	géillL	gíall	gíallN
dative	gíallL	gíallaib	gíallaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: gíall
  • Irish: giall (“hostage, human pledge”)
  • Scottish Gaelic: giall
• ⇒ Middle Irish: gíallacht

Mutation

Mutation of gíall

radical	lenition	nasalization
gíall	gíall pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/	ngíall

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 gíall”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 gíall”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language