Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/framaþjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *framaþiz (“foreign, alien, strange”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸrɑ.mɑθ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*framaþjaną

1. to alienate, to estrange

Inflection

Conjugation of *framaþjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*framaþjō	*framaþjaų	—	*framaþjai	?
2nd singular	*framaþisi	*framaþjais	*framaþi	*framaþjasai	*framaþjaisau
3rd singular	*framaþiþi	*framaþjai	*framaþjaþau	*framaþjaþai	*framaþjaiþau
1st dual	*framaþjōs	*framaþjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*framaþjaþiz	*framaþjaiþiz	*framaþjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*framaþjamaz	*framaþjaim	—	*framaþjanþai	*framaþjainþau
2nd plural	*framaþiþ	*framaþjaiþ	*framaþiþ	*framaþjanþai	*framaþjainþau
3rd plural	*framaþjanþi	*framaþjain	*framaþjanþau	*framaþjanþai	*framaþjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*framaþidǭ	*framaþidēdį̄
2nd singular	*framaþidēz	*framaþidēdīz
3rd singular	*framaþidē	*framaþidēdī
1st dual	*framaþidēdū	*framaþidēdīw
2nd dual	*framaþidēdudiz	*framaþidēdīdiz
1st plural	*framaþidēdum	*framaþidēdīm
2nd plural	*framaþidēdud	*framaþidēdīd
3rd plural	*framaþidēdun	*framaþidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*framaþjandz	*framaþidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *framiþijan
  • Old Dutch: *fremithen
    • Middle Dutch: vremden, vrēemden, vrēmeden
      • Dutch: vreemden (obsolete)
  • Old High German: fremiden
    • Middle High German: fremeden
• Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (framaþjan)