Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fnesaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe, pant, gasp; snort, sneeze”).

Verb

*fnesaną

1. to breathe heavily, pant, gasp
2. to sneeze, snort

Inflection

Conjugation of *fnesaną (strong class 5)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fnesō	*fnesaų	—	*fnesai	?
2nd singular	*fnisizi	*fnesaiz	*fnes	*fnesazai	*fnesaizau
3rd singular	*fnisidi	*fnesai	*fnesadau	*fnesadai	*fnesaidau
1st dual	*fnesōz	*fnesaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fnesadiz	*fnesaidiz	*fnesadiz	—	—
1st plural	*fnesamaz	*fnesaim	—	*fnesandai	*fnesaindau
2nd plural	*fnisid	*fnesaid	*fnisid	*fnesandai	*fnesaindau
3rd plural	*fnesandi	*fnesain	*fnesandau	*fnesandai	*fnesaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fnas	*fnēzį̄
2nd singular	*fnast	*fnēzīz
3rd singular	*fnas	*fnēzī
1st dual	*fnēzū	*fnēzīw
2nd dual	*fnēzudiz	*fnēzīdiz
1st plural	*fnēzum	*fnēzīm
2nd plural	*fnēzud	*fnēzīd
3rd plural	*fnēzun	*fnēzīn
	present	past
participles	*fnesandz	*fnezanaz

Derived terms

• *fnasikōną
  • Proto-West Germanic: *fnasikōn
    • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fnasikattjan
      • Old High German: fneskazzen, fneskezzen
        • Middle High German: pfneschezen, phneschezen, phnechzen, phneschen, phnesten
• *fnasōną
  • Old Norse: fnasa
    • Icelandic: fnasa
• *fnēsōną
  • Old High German: *fnāsōn
    • Middle High German: pfnāsen, phnāsen
• *fnēstuz
  • Proto-West Germanic: *fnāstu
    • Old English: fnǣst
      • Middle English: fnast
    • Old High German: *fnāst
      • Middle High German: phnāst, phnast, pfnast
    • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fnāstōn, *fnāstijōn
      • Old English: fnǣstian
        • Middle English: fnasten, fnesten
      • Old High German: fnāstōn
        • >? Middle High German: pfnesten, phnesten
• *fnēzijaną
  • Proto-West Germanic: *fnāʀijan
    • Old English: fnǣran
      • Middle English: *fneren, sneren
        • English: sneer
        • Scots: snere, sneer
      • ⇒ Old English: fnǣrettan
        • Middle English: fnerten, fnyrten, *snyrten
          • English: snirt
          • Scots: snirt

Related terms

• *fnehaną
  • Proto-West Germanic: *fnehan
• *fneusaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *fnesan
  • Old English: fnesan
    • Middle English: fnesen (merged with descendant of Old English fnēosan)
      • English: sneeze
      • Scots: sneeze