Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flōkaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂g-, *pleh₂k- (“to beat, strike”). Kroonen suggests there is no need to reconstruct *ploh₂g-, in which case the 'k' was restored to *flōk- by analogy with the iterative derived from it. Cognate with Ancient Greek πλάζω (plázō), πλήσσω (plḗssō), Latin plango, Old Church Slavonic плакати (plakati).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸlɔː.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*flōkaną

1. to beat, strike
2. to lament

Inflection

Conjugation of *flōkaną (strong class 7e)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*flōkō	*flōkaų	—	*flōkai	?
2nd singular	*flōkizi	*flōkaiz	*flōk	*flōkazai	*flōkaizau
3rd singular	*flōkidi	*flōkai	*flōkadau	*flōkadai	*flōkaidau
1st dual	*flōkōz	*flōkaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*flōkadiz	*flōkaidiz	*flōkadiz	—	—
1st plural	*flōkamaz	*flōkaim	—	*flōkandai	*flōkaindau
2nd plural	*flōkid	*flōkaid	*flōkid	*flōkandai	*flōkaindau
3rd plural	*flōkandi	*flōkain	*flōkandau	*flōkandai	*flōkaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*feflōk	*feflōkį̄
2nd singular	*feflōht	*feflōkīz
3rd singular	*feflōk	*feflōkī
1st dual	*feflōkū	*feflōkīw
2nd dual	*feflōkudiz	*feflōkīdiz
1st plural	*feflōkum	*feflōkīm
2nd plural	*feflōkud	*feflōkīd
3rd plural	*feflōkun	*feflōkīn
	present	past
participles	*flōkandz	*flōkanaz

Related terms

• *flakkōną
• *fluggōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *flōkan
  • Old English: flōcan
  • Old Frisian: flōka
    • West Frisian: flokke, floke
  • Old Saxon: flōkan
    • Middle Low German: vlôken
      • Low German: floken, flöken
  • Old Dutch: *fluokan
    • Middle Dutch: vloeken
      • Dutch: vloeken
        • Afrikaans: vloek
  • Old High German: fluohhan
    • Middle High German: vluochen
      • German: fluchen
      • Luxembourgish: fluchen
      • Vilamovian: fłücha
• Gothic: 𐍆𐌻𐍉𐌺𐌰𐌽 (flōkan)

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN