Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dwelaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwelH- (“to err, obscure”). See the related *dulaz (“confused; foolish”) for cognates.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdwe.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dwelaną^[1]^[2]^[3]

to go astray

Inflection

Conjugation of *dwelaną (strong class 4)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*dwelō	*dwelaų	—	*dwelai	?
2nd singular	*dwilizi	*dwelaiz	*dwel	*dwelazai	*dwelaizau
3rd singular	*dwilidi	*dwelai	*dweladau	*dweladai	*dwelaidau
1st dual	*dwelōz	*dwelaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*dweladiz	*dwelaidiz	*dweladiz	—	—
1st plural	*dwelamaz	*dwelaim	—	*dwelandai	*dwelaindau
2nd plural	*dwilid	*dwelaid	*dwilid	*dwelandai	*dwelaindau
3rd plural	*dwelandi	*dwelain	*dwelandau	*dwelandai	*dwelaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dwal	*dwēlį̄
2nd singular	*dwalt	*dwēlīz
3rd singular	*dwal	*dwēlī
1st dual	*dwēlū	*dwēlīw
2nd dual	*dwēludiz	*dwēlīdiz
1st plural	*dwēlum	*dwēlīm
2nd plural	*dwēlud	*dwēlīd
3rd plural	*dwēlun	*dwēlīn

	present	past
participles	*dwelandz	*dulanaz

Derived terms

*dulþiz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *dwelan
- Old English: *dwelan
  - ⇒ Old English: ġedwolen
- ⇒ Old English: dwelian
  - Middle English: dwelen
- Old Saxon: dwelan
  - Middle Low German: dwelen, dwēlen, twelen
    - German Low German: dwelen
- Old Dutch: dwelan
  - Middle Dutch: dwelen
    - Dutch: (obsolete) dwelen
- >? Old High German: twelan
  - Middle High German: twelen, tweln

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*dwelan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 112
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*đwelanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “DWEL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 172

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*dwelan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 112

[Orel-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*đwelanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81

[Seebold-3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “DWEL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 172

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