Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dungōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰengʰ- (“to cover, hide, conceal”).

Verb

*dungōną

to cover
to pour over
to pile up

Inflection

Conjugation of *dungōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*dungō	*dungǭ	—	*dungōi	?
2nd singular	*dungōsi	*dungōs	*dungō	*dungōsai	*dungōsau
3rd singular	*dungōþi	*dungō	*dungōþau	*dungōþai	*dungōþau
1st dual	*dungōs	*dungōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*dungōþiz	*dungōþiz	*dungōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*dungōmaz	*dungōm	—	*dungōnþai	*dungōnþau
2nd plural	*dungōþ	*dungōþ	*dungōþ	*dungōnþai	*dungōnþau
3rd plural	*dungōnþi	*dungōn	*dungōnþau	*dungōnþai	*dungōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dungōdǭ	*dungōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*dungōdēz	*dungōdēdīz
3rd singular	*dungōdē	*dungōdēdī
1st dual	*dungōdēdū	*dungōdēdīw
2nd dual	*dungōdēdudiz	*dungōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*dungōdēdum	*dungōdēdīm
2nd plural	*dungōdēdud	*dungōdēdīd
3rd plural	*dungōdēdun	*dungōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*dungōndz	*dungōdaz

Related terms

*dunkōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *dungōn
- Old English: *dungian
  - Middle English: dungen, dongen
    - English: dung
    - Scots: dong
- Old Frisian: *dungia
  - West Frisian: dongje
- Old Saxon: *dungōn
  - Middle Low German: dungen
- Old Dutch: *dungon
  - Middle Dutch: dongen
    - Dutch: dongen
- Old High German: *tungōn
  - Middle High German: tungen
Old Norse: *dunga
- Faroese: dunga
- Swedish: dunga