Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/diupijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *deupaz (“deep”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdiu̯.pi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*diupijaną

to deepen

Inflection

Conjugation of *diupijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*diupijō	*diupijaų	—	*diupijai	?
2nd singular	*diupīsi	*diupijais	*diupī	*diupijasai	*diupijaisau
3rd singular	*diupīþi	*diupijai	*diupijaþau	*diupijaþai	*diupijaiþau
1st dual	*diupijōs	*diupijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*diupijaþiz	*diupijaiþiz	*diupijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*diupijamaz	*diupijaim	—	*diupijanþai	*diupijainþau
2nd plural	*diupīþ	*diupijaiþ	*diupīþ	*diupijanþai	*diupijainþau
3rd plural	*diupijanþi	*diupijain	*diupijanþau	*diupijanþai	*diupijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*diupidǭ	*diupidēdį̄
2nd singular	*diupidēz	*diupidēdīz
3rd singular	*diupidē	*diupidēdī
1st dual	*diupidēdū	*diupidēdīw
2nd dual	*diupidēdudiz	*diupidēdīdiz
1st plural	*diupidēdum	*diupidēdīm
2nd plural	*diupidēdud	*diupidēdīd
3rd plural	*diupidēdun	*diupidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*diupijandz	*diupidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *diupijan
- Old English: dīepan
  - Middle English: depen, deppen, depe
    - English: deep (obsolete)
    - Scots: depe
- Old Frisian: *diūpa
  - ⇒ Old Frisian: todiūpa
- Old Saxon: *diupian
  - Middle Low German: dûpen, dü̂pen
    - German Low German: düpen
- Old Dutch: *diupen (if not from *deupōn instead)
  - Middle Dutch: diepen
    - Dutch: diepen
- Old High German: *tiufen
  - Middle High German: tiufen
    - German: teufen
Gothic: *𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*diupjan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gadiupjan)