Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dawjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Often compared with Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to flow; to die”), and *dʰweh₂-, but Kroonen prefers to connect it with Hittite [script needed] (tuḫḫušzi, “to end”), from *dʰuH-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dawjaną

1. to die

Inflection

Conjugation of *dawjaną (strong class 6 j-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dawjō	*dawjaų	—	*dawjai	?
2nd singular	*dawisi	*dawjais	*dawi	*dawjasai	*dawjaisau
3rd singular	*dawiþi	*dawjai	*dawjaþau	*dawjaþai	*dawjaiþau
1st dual	*dawjōs	*dawjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*dawjaþiz	*dawjaiþiz	*dawjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*dawjamaz	*dawjaim	—	*dawjanþai	*dawjainþau
2nd plural	*dawiþ	*dawjaiþ	*dawiþ	*dawjanþai	*dawjainþau
3rd plural	*dawjanþi	*dawjain	*dawjanþau	*dawjanþai	*dawjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dōw	*dōwį̄
2nd singular	*dōwt	*dōwīz
3rd singular	*dōw	*dōwī
1st dual	*dōwū	*dōwīw
2nd dual	*dōwudiz	*dōwīdiz
1st plural	*dōwum	*dōwīm
2nd plural	*dōwud	*dōwīd
3rd plural	*dōwun	*dōwīn
	present	past
participles	*dawjandz	*dawanaz

Derived terms

• *daudaz
• *dauþuz

Related terms

• *dewaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *dauwjan
  • Old English: *dīeġan
    • Middle English: deyen, deȝen, dien, deien, digen, degen, deghen, deȝen
      • English: die, dye
        • → Vietnamese: đai
      • Geordie English: dee
      • Scots: de, dee, dey
      • Yola: dee
  • Old Frisian: deia, deja
  • Old Saxon: dōian
    • Middle Low German: doeien
      • Low German: döen (archaic)
  • Old Dutch: *douwen, *dōien
    • Middle Dutch: douwen, dôyen
      • Dutch: douwen (archaic)
  • Old High German: touwen, tewen
    • Middle High German: touwen, töuwen
• Old Norse: deyja
  • Middle English: deyen
    • English: die
  • Icelandic: deyja
  • Faroese: doyggja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: døy, døya
  • Dalecarlian:
    • Mora: däja
    • Elfdalian: däia, däa
  • Old Swedish: dø̄ia
    • Swedish: dö
  • Old Danish: dø̄
    • Scanian: dǿja
    • Danish: dø
      • Norwegian Bokmål: dø
  • Old Gutnish: doyia
    • Gutnish: dåie, dåi, doä