Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bukkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier paradigm *bukkōþi ~ *bugunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *bʰugʰ-nā́-ti ~ *bʰugʰ-un-ánti, iterative to *beuganą (“to bend, bow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bukkōną

1. to bend

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *bukk- against *bug-.

Conjugation of *bukkōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bukkō	*bukkǭ	—	*bukkōi	?
2nd singular	*bukkōsi	*bukkōs	*bukkō	*bukkōsai	*bukkōsau
3rd singular	*bukkōþi	*bukkō	*bukkōþau	*bukkōþai	*bukkōþau
1st dual	*bukkōs	*bukkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bukkōþiz	*bukkōþiz	*bukkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*bukkōmaz	*bukkōm	—	*bukkōnþai	*bukkōnþau
2nd plural	*bukkōþ	*bukkōþ	*bukkōþ	*bukkōnþai	*bukkōnþau
3rd plural	*bukkōnþi	*bukkōn	*bukkōnþau	*bukkōnþai	*bukkōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bukkōdǭ	*bukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*bukkōdēz	*bukkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*bukkōdē	*bukkōdēdī
1st dual	*bukkōdēdū	*bukkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*bukkōdēdudiz	*bukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*bukkōdēdum	*bukkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*bukkōdēdud	*bukkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*bukkōdēdun	*bukkōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*bukkōndz	*bukkōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bukkōn
  • Old Frisian: bukkia
  • Old Saxon: *bukkōn
    • Middle Low German: bucken, bocken
      • → Danish: bukke
  • Old Dutch: *bokkon
    • Middle Dutch: bocken
      • Dutch: bukken (merged with the descendant of *bukkjan)
      • → English: buck
  • Old High German: *bukkōn
    • Middle High German: bucken, bocken
• Old Norse: buga, *boga, *bukka
  • Icelandic: buga
  • Faroese: buga, boga, bukka
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Bokmål: bukke

    Norwegian Nynorsk: bukke, buge, bukka, buga

  • Swedish: bocka