Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brukkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier paradigm *brukkōþi ~ *brukunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *bʰrug-nā́-ti ~ *bʰrug-un-ánti, iterative to *brekaną (“to break”). Possible parallel formation with Latin frangō (“to break”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbruk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brukkōną

1. to break, crumble

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *brukk- against *bruk-.

Conjugation of *brukkōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brukkō	*brukkǭ	—	*brukkōi	?
2nd singular	*brukkōsi	*brukkōs	*brukkō	*brukkōsai	*brukkōsau
3rd singular	*brukkōþi	*brukkō	*brukkōþau	*brukkōþai	*brukkōþau
1st dual	*brukkōs	*brukkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*brukkōþiz	*brukkōþiz	*brukkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*brukkōmaz	*brukkōm	—	*brukkōnþai	*brukkōnþau
2nd plural	*brukkōþ	*brukkōþ	*brukkōþ	*brukkōnþai	*brukkōnþau
3rd plural	*brukkōnþi	*brukkōn	*brukkōnþau	*brukkōnþai	*brukkōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brukkōdǭ	*brukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*brukkōdēz	*brukkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*brukkōdē	*brukkōdēdī
1st dual	*brukkōdēdū	*brukkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*brukkōdēdudiz	*brukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*brukkōdēdum	*brukkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*brukkōdēdud	*brukkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*brukkōdēdun	*brukkōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*brukkōndz	*brukkōdaz

Derived terms

• *brukkô

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *brokkōn
  • Old English: brocian
  • Old Dutch: *brocken, *broken
    • Middle Dutch: brocken, brōken
      • Dutch: brokken, broken
  • Old High German: brohhōn, brokkōn
    • Middle High German: brocken
    • ⇒ Middle High German: erbrochen
• Old Norse: *broka
  • Norwegian: broka