Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bramjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *bremaną (“to roar”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbrɑm.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bramjaną

1. to roar

Inflection

Conjugation of *bramjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bramjō	*bramjaų	—	*bramjai	?
2nd singular	*bramisi	*bramjais	*brami	*bramjasai	*bramjaisau
3rd singular	*bramiþi	*bramjai	*bramjaþau	*bramjaþai	*bramjaiþau
1st dual	*bramjōs	*bramjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bramjaþiz	*bramjaiþiz	*bramjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*bramjamaz	*bramjaim	—	*bramjanþai	*bramjainþau
2nd plural	*bramiþ	*bramjaiþ	*bramiþ	*bramjanþai	*bramjainþau
3rd plural	*bramjanþi	*bramjain	*bramjanþau	*bramjanþai	*bramjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bramidǭ	*bramidēdį̄
2nd singular	*bramidēz	*bramidēdīz
3rd singular	*bramidē	*bramidēdī
1st dual	*bramidēdū	*bramidēdīw
2nd dual	*bramidēdudiz	*bramidēdīdiz
1st plural	*bramidēdum	*bramidēdīm
2nd plural	*bramidēdud	*bramidēdīd
3rd plural	*bramidēdun	*bramidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*bramjandz	*bramidaz

Related terms

• *brimmaną
• *brummōną
• *brumjaz
• *brumþiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *brammjan
  • Old English: bremman
    • >? Middle English: brimmen
  • Old Frisian: *bremma
    • West Frisian: brimme
  • Old Saxon: *bremmian
    • Middle Low German: brimmen
  • Old Dutch: *bremmen
    • Middle Dutch: bremmen
      • Dutch: bremmen (obsolete)
  • Old High German: *bremmen
    • Middle High German: bremmen, brimmen
      • German: brimmen
• >? Gothic: *𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*bramjan)
  • → Italian: bramire