Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blōþą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of uncertain origin; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-tó-m, a neuter collective noun from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to bloom”) (whence *blōaną (“to bloom, flower”)), morphing into the sense of "blooming red, blushing" > "liquid blood". In addition to the above theory, Kroonen also suggests a derivation from *blēaną (“to blow”), with a sense of "blowing or gushing out". Either way, possibly a taboo-avoidance euphemism.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈblɔː.θɑ̃/

Noun

*blōþą n

1. blood

   Synonym: *dreuzaz

Inflection

Plural has the voiced Verner alternant.

neuter a-stemDeclension of *blōþą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*blōþą	*blōdō
vocative	*blōþą	*blōdō
accusative	*blōþą	*blōdō
genitive	*blōþas, *blōþis	*blōdǫ̂
dative	*blōþai	*blōdamaz
instrumental	*blōþō	*blōdamiz

Derived terms

• *blōþagaz
• *blōþijaną
• *blōþisōną
• *blōþaraudaz
• *blōþarinnandz
• *blōþarisaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *blōd, *blōþ
  • Old English: blōd
    • Middle English: blood
      • Scots: bluid
      • English: blood
  • Old Frisian: blōd
    • North Frisian:

      Sylt: Blör

    • Saterland Frisian: Bloud
    • West Frisian: bloed
  • Old Saxon: blōd
    • Middle Low German: blôt
      • German Low German: Blood, Bloot
  • Old Dutch: bluot
    • Middle Dutch: bloet
      • Dutch: bloed
        • Afrikaans: bloed
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: blutu
        • Javindo: bloet
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: blut
        • →? Sranan Tongo: brudu
          • → Aukan: buulu
          • → Saramaccan: buúu
      • Limburgish: blood
  • Old High German: bluot, blod, bluat, blud, bluet, bluod, bluoth, blut, bluth, pload, ploat, plot, plout, pluat, pluod, pluot, pluoth
    • Middle High German: bluot
      • Alemannic German: Bluet

        Alsatian: Blüet

        Swabian: Bluat

      • Bavarian: Bluad, Bluat

        Cimbrian: pluat

        Mòcheno:

      • Central Franconian: Blot
        • Hunsrik: Blud
        • Luxembourgish: Blutt
      • East Central German: Blutt (Oberlausitz; Silesian)

        Vilamovian: błüt

      • East Franconian:
      • German: Blut
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Pennsylvania German: Blut

      • Yiddish: בלוט (blut)
• Old Norse: blóð
  • Icelandic: blóð
  • Faroese: blóð
  • Norwegian: blod
  • Old Swedish: blōþ, blodh
    • Swedish: blod
  • Old Danish: bloth
    • Danish: blod
• Gothic: 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸 (blōþ)
  • Crimean Gothic: plut