Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/artijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂erdi-, *h₂erd- (“sharp point, stinger”). Cognate with Old Irish aird (“point, ord, end point”), Ancient Greek ἄρδις (árdis, “arrowhead”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑr.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*artijaną

1. to tease, taunt, grill, annoy, irritate, provoke

Inflection

Conjugation of *artijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*artijō	*artijaų	—	*artijai	?
2nd singular	*artīsi	*artijais	*artī	*artijasai	*artijaisau
3rd singular	*artīþi	*artijai	*artijaþau	*artijaþai	*artijaiþau
1st dual	*artijōs	*artijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*artijaþiz	*artijaiþiz	*artijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*artijamaz	*artijaim	—	*artijanþai	*artijainþau
2nd plural	*artīþ	*artijaiþ	*artīþ	*artijanþai	*artijainþau
3rd plural	*artijanþi	*artijain	*artijanþau	*artijanþai	*artijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*artidǭ	*artidēdį̄
2nd singular	*artidēz	*artidēdīz
3rd singular	*artidē	*artidēdī
1st dual	*artidēdū	*artidēdīw
2nd dual	*artidēdudiz	*artidēdīdiz
1st plural	*artidēdum	*artidēdīm
2nd plural	*artidēdud	*artidēdīd
3rd plural	*artidēdun	*artidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*artijandz	*artidaz

Descendants

• Old Norse: erta
  • Icelandic: erta
  • Faroese: erta
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: erta
  • Old Swedish: ærta
    • Swedish: ärta
  • Danish: erte
    • Norwegian Bokmål: erte
  • → Middle English: erten, ertin
    • English: ert
    • Scots: ert