Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arniz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
[edit]Alternative reconstructions
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From a Proto-Indo-European *Her-, with original sense and exact identity of the laryngeal *H- uncertain, though Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬎 (arənu, “battle”) appears to be a semantically appealing cognate.[1] The identity of the Indo-European root, including specified laryngeal, may be *h₃er- (“to move, stir; to rise, spring”), based on cognates that Orel adduces, such as Sanskrit अर्ण (árṇa, “(undulating, surging) water”), Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμῐ (órnūmi, “to set into motion”).[2] However, the e-coloring of *ernustuz would then be irregular and only explainable as a back-formation. The root for “to battle” has alternatively been reconstructed as *h₁er-, which is a better phonetic match but suffers the same semantic issues.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]*arniz[1]
Inflection
[edit]Declension of *arnjaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *arnjaz | *arnjai | *arnjō | *arnjôz | *arnją, -atō | *arnjō |
| Accusative | *arnjanǭ | *arnjanz | *arnjǭ | *arnjōz | *arnją, -atō | *arnjō |
| Genitive | *arnjas, -is | *arnjaizǫ̂ | *arnjaizōz | *arnjaizǫ̂ | *arnjas, -is | *arnjaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *arnjammai | *arnjaimaz | *arnjaizōi | *arnjaimaz | *arnjammai | *arnjaimaz |
| Instrumental | *arnjanō | *arnjaimiz | *arnjaizō | *arnjaimiz | *arnjanō | *arnjaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *arnjô | *arnjaniz | *arnjǭ | *arnjōniz | *arnjô | *arnjōnō |
| Accusative | *arnjanų | *arnjanunz | *arnjōnų | *arnjōnunz | *arnjô | *arnjōnō |
| Genitive | *arnjiniz | *arnjanǫ̂ | *arnjōniz | *arnjōnǫ̂ | *arnjiniz | *arnjanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *arnjini | *arnjammaz | *arnjōni | *arnjōmaz | *arnjini | *arnjammaz |
| Instrumental | *arnjinē | *arnjammiz | *arnjōnē | *arnjōmiz | *arnjinē | *arnjammiz |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*arnja-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*arniz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 24