Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arniz

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *arnjaz

Etymology

From a Proto-Indo-European *Her-, with original sense and exact identity of the laryngeal *H- uncertain, though Avestan [script needed] (arәnu-, “battle”) appears to be a semantically appealing cognate. The identity of the Indo-European root, including specified laryngeal, may be *h₃er- (“to move, stir; to rise, spring”), based on cognates that Orel adduces, such as Sanskrit अर्ण (árṇa, “(undulating, surging) water”), Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμῐ (órnūmi, “to set into motion”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑrn.jɑz/

Adjective

*arniz

1. serious
2. capable, diligent

Inflection

Declension of *arnjaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*arnjaz	*arnjai	*arnjō	*arnjôz	*arnją, -atō	*arnjō
Accusative	*arnjanǭ	*arnjanz	*arnjǭ	*arnjōz	*arnją, -atō	*arnjō
Genitive	*arnjas, -is	*arnjaizǫ̂	*arnjaizōz	*arnjaizǫ̂	*arnjas, -is	*arnjaizǫ̂
Dative	*arnjammai	*arnjaimaz	*arnjaizōi	*arnjaimaz	*arnjammai	*arnjaimaz
Instrumental	*arnjanō	*arnjaimiz	*arnjaizō	*arnjaimiz	*arnjanō	*arnjaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*arnjô	*arnjaniz	*arnjǭ	*arnjōniz	*arnjô	*arnjōnō
Accusative	*arnjanų	*arnjanunz	*arnjōnų	*arnjōnunz	*arnjô	*arnjōnō
Genitive	*arnjiniz	*arnjanǫ̂	*arnjōniz	*arnjōnǫ̂	*arnjiniz	*arnjanǫ̂
Dative	*arnjini	*arnjammaz	*arnjōni	*arnjōmaz	*arnjini	*arnjammaz
Instrumental	*arnjinē	*arnjammiz	*arnjōnē	*arnjōmiz	*arnjinē	*arnjammiz

Related terms

• *ernustuz

Descendants

• Old Norse: ern (“brisk, vigorous”)
  • Icelandic: ern (“idem”)
• Gothic: *𐌰𐍂𐌽𐍃 (*arns)
  • Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰 (arniba, “certainly, securely”)