Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þullaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Comparisons to Ancient Greek τύλος (túlos, “callus; knot; knob; trenail”), τύλη (túlē, “callus; hump; pad, cushion”), Proto-Slavic *tylъ, Lithuanian tulis (“axle nail”) are prone to coincidence. Looking particularly on Sanskrit तूल (tūla, “tuft of grass or reeds”) to which those words are put one would like to see a relation with German Tolle, Dolle (“tuft of hair”) and the related Dolde (“corymb”) understanding English rowlock as not from lock (“closing implement”) but lock (“tuft of hair”) but this is likewise easily coincidental.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈθul.lɑz/

Noun

*þullaz m

thole, rowlock

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *þullaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*þullaz	þullōz, þullōs
vocative	*þull	þullōz, þullōs
accusative	*þullą	*þullanz
genitive	þullas, þullis	*þullǫ̂
dative	*þullai	*þullamaz
instrumental	*þullō	*þullamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þoll
- Old English: þol, þoll
  - Middle English: thole
    - English: thole
    - → Irish: dola
- Old Frisian: tholl
- Old Saxon: *tholl
  - Middle Low German: dulle, dolle
    - Low German: Doll, Dull
    - → German: Dolle
- Old Dutch: *tholl
  - Middle Dutch: dolle
    - Dutch: dol
- → Old French: *toll
  - ⇒ Old French: *tollet
    - Middle French: tollet
      - French: tolet (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: þollr
- Icelandic: þollur
- Danish: toll
- Swedish: tull
- Norwegian: toll