Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þullaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Comparisons to Ancient Greek τύλος (túlos, “callus; knot; knob; trenail”), τύλη (túlē, “callus; hump; pad, cushion”), Proto-Slavic *tylъ (“nape”) (assuming original “neck”), Lithuanian tulis (“axle nail”)^[1] are promising but prone to coincidence. If related, the Germanic could be from *tuh₂-l-nó-s, from an n-stem which like the aforementioned cognates would also contain an l-suffix, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”); the virtual root might be analyzable as a late PIE *tewl- ~ *twel-.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈθul.lɑz/

Noun

*þullaz m^[1]

(perhaps originally) wooden peg or pole
thole, rowlock

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *þullaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*þullaz	þullōz, þullōs
vocative	*þull	þullōz, þullōs
accusative	*þullą	*þullanz
genitive	þullas, þullis	*þullǫ̂
dative	*þullai	*þullamaz
instrumental	*þullō	*þullamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þoll
- Old English: þol, þoll
  - Middle English: thole
    - English: thole
    - → Irish: dola
- Old Frisian: tholl
- Old Saxon: *tholl
  - Middle Low German: dulle, dolle
    - Low German: Doll, Dull
    - → German: Dolle
- Old Dutch: *tholl
  - Middle Dutch: dolle
    - Dutch: dol
- → Old French: *toll
  - ⇒ Old French: *tollet
    - Middle French: tollet
      - French: tolet (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: þollr (“fir tree; peg; *thole”)
- Icelandic: þollur
- Danish: toll
- Swedish: tull
- Norwegian: toll

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*þullaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 428