Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrammōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An o-grade iterative formation to Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“to tremble (in fear)”), closely related to the strong verb *þrimmaną.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈθram.mɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þrammōną^[1]^[2]

to trample, to press
to make a noise

Inflection

Conjugation of *þrammōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*þrammō	*þrammǭ	—	*þrammōi	?
2nd singular	*þrammōsi	*þrammōs	*þrammō	*þrammōsai	*þrammōsau
3rd singular	*þrammōþi	*þrammō	*þrammōþau	*þrammōþai	*þrammōþau
1st dual	*þrammōs	*þrammōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þrammōþiz	*þrammōþiz	*þrammōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*þrammōmaz	*þrammōm	—	*þrammōnþai	*þrammōnþau
2nd plural	*þrammōþ	*þrammōþ	*þrammōþ	*þrammōnþai	*þrammōnþau
3rd plural	*þrammōnþi	*þrammōn	*þrammōnþau	*þrammōnþai	*þrammōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þrammōdǭ	*þrammōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*þrammōdēz	*þrammōdēdīz
3rd singular	*þrammōdē	*þrammōdēdī
1st dual	*þrammōdēdū	*þrammōdēdīw
2nd dual	*þrammōdēdudiz	*þrammōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*þrammōdēdum	*þrammōdēdīm
2nd plural	*þrammōdēdud	*þrammōdēdīd
3rd plural	*þrammōdēdun	*þrammōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*þrammōndz	*þrammōdaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þrammōn
- Old Saxon: *þrammōn
  - Middle Low German: drammen
- Old Dutch: *þrammon
  - Middle Dutch: drammen
    - Dutch: drammen
Old Norse: þramma
- Icelandic: þramma

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages 200, *þrammōn-
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*þrammōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 424

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages 200, *þrammōn-

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*þrammōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 424

[1]

[2]